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Cost Engineering

Manufacturing Intelligence Meets Battery Production: Advanced Cost Analysis for Lithium-ion Battery Cells

Learn how to optimize lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing costs with Tset's software. You will learn how to optimize production costs and improve operational efficiency through data-driven decision making, complete with a detailed cost breakdown analysis of battery cell production.

Manufacturing lithium-ion battery cells is a highly innovative, multidisciplinary challenge. As we have seen recently with Northvolt, even if a company invests significant resources, it can still face financial difficulties if cash flow and profitability are not managed effectively.

Overcoming the Complexities of Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing

The challenge in lithium-ion battery production goes beyond technological and process issues. It requires monitoring product quality and understanding how process parameters and scrap rates influence both short- and long-term profitability and cash flow.

Many cell manufacturing companies still rely on Excel spreadsheets, often combining the latest version of BatPac with custom-built spreadsheets to optimize processes and calculate unit costs. This approach not only limits their ability to perform comprehensive sensitivity analyses on production processes, but also hinders scalability.

Transforming Battery Manufacturing with Tset Software

Tset software empowers battery manufacturers to reduce production costs, improve operational efficiency, and make data-driven decisions

We decided to implement a Battery Production Process in Tset, led by our expert Kevin Fister. This comprehensive model accounts for the following specific parameters:

A table showing production data, including peak and average volume of battery cells per year, and the production sites (GER/HUN).

A table displaying the properties of a lithium-ion battery cell, including cell design, cathode and anode types, chemical composition, capacity, voltage, and energy.

Our proven methodology enables us to calculate actual production costs with precision. Additionally, we can forecast target costs for new technologies and assess whether they align with market prices—providing proactive risk management before market entry, an approach that could have benefited Northvolt.

Tset Calculation Methodology

A diagram illustrating the breakdown of manufacturing costs, including material costs, manufacturing step costs, and overhead costs, leading to the total manufacturing cost (MC).

In lithium-ion battery production, accurate cost estimation requires considering multiple factors beyond mere raw materials or labor. This is where Tset's software pioneers, offering an array of current, location-specific multidimensional Master Data including:

  • Labor data
  • Interest rates
  • Space costs
  • Energy costs
  • Other location factors

By adjusting parameters such as location or production volume, manufacturers can quickly determine the impact of such changes, thereby creating a strong foundation for critical decision-making. Furthermore, the level of process detail can be modified as requested by the operations staff.

Electrode Manufacturing Process in Tset

Let's examine the detailed electrode manufacturing process in Tset's software:

The process includes essential materials and manufacturing steps for producing a double-coated cathode sheet with CAM (Cathode Active Material) and an anode sheet with AAM (Anode Active Material). Tse's software accurately maps the entire workflow — from raw materials to finished components. 

A detailed breakdown of materials and manufacturing steps for a double-coated cathode sheet. Highlights materials like aluminum foil, PVDF binder, and NMC622 CAM, alongside processes such as mixing, coating, calendaring, slitting, vacuum drying, and cutting.

A breakdown of materials and process steps for manufacturing a double-coated anode sheet. Includes raw materials like copper foil, PVDF binder, and NMP solvent, as well as processes like mixing, coating, calendaring, slitting, vacuum drying, and cutting.

In the following section, we will examine the cell assembly process and finalization of the battery cell:

A waterfall chart showing the cost breakdown of a product, including materials, manufacturing, overhead, and other expenses, leading to a total cost of 14.35 EUR per piece. Below the chart, a detailed summary of material costs (78.80%), manufacturing costs (21.20%), and other cost categories is provided.

Our detailed cost breakdown of the lithium-ion battery cells production process in Tset reveals the following insights. Based on the specified cell chemistry and manufacturing process, the production costs are:

  • Single cell cost: 14,35 EUR
  • Energy-based cost: 68,88 EUR/kWh

The total cost distribution breaks down into:

  • Material costs: 78,8%
  • Process costs: 21,2%

Note: These calculations exclude potential cost optimizations such as CAM/AAM reuse, electrolyte recycling, or metal refunds. Moreover, there are no general overheads, such as SG&A, profit, R&D, business risk, and packaging, included in the displayed numbers above. However, Tset's software can seamlessly integrate these variables into calculations, thereby offering greater flexibility and precision.

Conclusion

Our analysis demonstrates how Tset's software delivers precise internal manufacturing cost calculations, which is crucial information for manufacturers to manage their profitability. Tset provides a variety of features tailored to the specific needs of battery manufacturers, including:

- Profitability management over different volume scenarios 
- Should costing for planned cell technologies and processes
- Sensitivity analysis on process parameters

For more detailed insights about our battery calculations, watch for our upcoming articles or contact our experts for a consultation.

Author

Kevin Fister
Senior Cost Engineer

12.12.2024

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